Keywords
Bactria, urban planning, architecture, citadel, defensive wall, urbanization, Sopollitepa, Jarkutan, planning structure.
Abstract
This article analyzes the factors of the formation of early cities in the territory of Ancient Bactria and their architectural and territorial structure. The role of the geographical environment, irrigation networks, and trade routes in the emergence of initial urban planning is highlighted. On the example of large archaeological monuments such as Sopollitepa, Jarkutan, and Kiziltepa, the internal planning of ancient cities, the features of the formation of the central fortress (citadel) and residential areas are revealed.