Keywords
Abstract
Maqola dolzarbligi. Qatlamli silikatlar (smektitlar) asosida olingan Ustunli gillar (ustunli gillar) — bu gilli minerallarning qatlamlararo bo‘shlig‘iga metallarning ko‘p yadroli poligidroksokomplekslarini kiritish va ularni kuydirish orqali olinadigan, yuqori termik barqarorlik (500-800°C), rivojlangan mikro- va mezog‘ovaklik hamda kislotali katalitik faollikka ega materiallardir. Ular an’anaviy seolitlarga nisbatan yirik molekulalarni o‘zgartirishda samarali bo‘lib, neft kimyosi, atrof-muhitni tozalash va energetikada istiqbolli hisoblanadi.
Maqsad. Montmorillonitni Al, Zr, Fe gomoyadroli va Fe-Al, Fe-Zr, Fe-Ni, Fe-Cr geteroyadroli poligidroksokomplekslari bilan interkalatsiyalash orqali Ustunli gillar sintez qilish, ularning tuzilishi, termik barqarorligi, g‘ovak tuzilishi va katalitik xossalarini o‘rganish, shuningdek seolit-Ustunli clay kompozit katalizatorlarini yaratish.
Usullar. Rentgenofazali tahlil (XRD), IQ-spektroskopiya (FT-IR), termogravimetriya (TGA/DTA), BET va BJH usullari, piridin adsorbsiyasi (kislotali markazlar), oqimli reaktorda katalitik sinovlar, gaz xromatografiyasi.
Natijalar. Al₁₃ Keggin ioni ([Al₁₃O₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺), Zr tetrameri ([Zr₄(OH)₁₄(H₂O)₁₀]²⁺), Fe komplekslari asosida Ustunli gillar sintez qilindi. d001 qiymatlari: Al-PILC — 17-19 Å, Zr-PILC — 16-20 Å, Fe-PILC — 15-17 Å. Geteroyadroli Fe-Zr (Fe/(Fe+Zr)=0,05) kompleksi maksimal d001=24,2 Å, SBET=280 m²/g va 700°C gacha termik barqarorlikni ta’minladi. Fe-Al (90/10) d001=18,2-19,0 Å, SBET=210 m²/g, m-ksilol izomerlanishida konversiya 30% gacha. Seolit-Ustunli clay kompozit katalizatorlari (50% NTsVM + 50% Al-PILC) toluolni etilen bilan alkillashda p-etiltoluol selektivligini 98-100% gacha oshirdi.
Xulosa. Geteroyadroli poligidroksokomplekslar gomoyadrolilarga nisbatan yuqori termik barqarorlik, rivojlangan g‘ovaklik va katalitik faollik beradi. Ustunli gillar va ular asosidagi seolit kompozitlari neft kimyosi va atrof-muhitni tozalashda samarali katalizatorlar hisoblanadi.
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