Keywords
Abstract
Among the pathologies of the endocrine system, thyroid gland disorders occupy a special place: according to various estimates, more than 200 million people worldwide suffer from some form of thyroid dysfunction [1]. Within this review, an attempt was made to comprehensively analyze the current epidemiological picture, pathogenetic mechanisms, and diagnostic-therapeutic practice of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid nodules and cancer, as well as iodine deficiency-related conditions. Sources from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were used. The analysis showed the following: first, nearly all thyroid pathologies are recorded 4-10 times more frequently in women than in men; second, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease are the most common autoimmune forms; third, thyroid nodules are detected by palpation in 4-7% of the population and by ultrasound in 19-67%. It is separately noted that the Central Asian region, including Uzbekistan, is historically an iodine-deficient area, as a result of which goiter and hypothyroidism remain at a high level in the region.
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